Designing an organic synthesis is the art and science of constructing complex molecules from simpler building blocks. In drug discovery, this process is essential for creating novel compounds, optimizing lead structures, and enabling scalable production of drug candidates.

Retrosynthetic Analysis
•  Breaks down a target molecule into simpler precursors.
•  Focuses on identifying strategic bonds to disconnect.
•  Uses known reactions to plan backward from product to starting materials.

Functional Group Interconversion (FGI)
•  Strategic transformation of one functional group into another to enable further reactions.
•  Helps navigate synthetic bottlenecks or improve reactivity/selectivity.

Chemoselectivity, Regioselectivity, and Stereoselectivity
•  Designing routes that favor one product over others: 

1. Chemoselectivity: Reacting with one functional group over others.
2. Regioselectivity: Controlling where a reaction occurs on a molecule.
3. Stereoselectivity: Controlling the 3D orientation of atoms (important for bioactivity).

Convergent vs Linear Synthesis
•  Linear synthesis: Stepwise construction from start to finish.
•  Convergent synthesis: Building key fragments separately and combining them — improves efficiency and yield.